{
  "id": "international-timeline",
  "title": "International timeline",
  "chartNumber": null,
  "report": {
    "title": "Smuggling: The Role of the State and E-commerce Platforms",
    "publisher": "Insight LAC",
    "authors": [
      "Ana Basco",
      "Paula Garnero",
      "Lautaro Ramirez"
    ],
    "url": "https://estudios.insightlac.com"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "organization": "Insight LAC, sección 3.1",
      "publication": "Contrabando: el rol del Estado y de las plataformas de e-commerce",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "provenance": "verified",
  "note": null,
  "url": "https://estudios.insightlac.com/ecommerce/en/#responsabilidad-por-jurisdiccion",
  "attribution": "Source: Insight LAC, “Smuggling: The Role of the State and E-commerce Platforms”",
  "columns": [
    "Year",
    "Milestone",
    "Jurisdiction",
    "Model",
    "Status",
    "Sources cited"
  ],
  "rows": [
    [
      "1991",
      "CompuServe, likened to a passive library",
      "US",
      "Precedent",
      "Ruling",
      ""
    ],
    [
      "1995",
      "Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy Services Co.",
      "US",
      "Precedent",
      "Ruling",
      "https://www.dmlp.org/threats/stratton-oakmont-v-prodigy"
    ],
    [
      "1996",
      "Communications Decency Act, Section 230",
      "US",
      "Immunity or broad limitation of liability",
      "In force",
      ""
    ],
    [
      "2000",
      "E-Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC)",
      "European Union",
      "Liability based on actual knowledge",
      "Reformulated",
      ""
    ],
    [
      "2010",
      "Law No. 20,435",
      "Chile",
      "Liability based on actual knowledge",
      "In force",
      "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1012443"
    ],
    [
      "2013",
      "E-Commerce Law No. 4,868",
      "Paraguay",
      "Liability based on actual knowledge",
      "In force",
      "https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/961/ley-n-4868-comercio-electronico"
    ],
    [
      "2014",
      "Rodríguez, María Belén v. Google Inc. (Supreme Court)",
      "Argentina",
      "Liability based on actual knowledge",
      "Ruling",
      "https://sj.csjn.gov.ar/homeSJ/notas/nota/189/documento"
    ],
    [
      "2016",
      "Passed by the Senate",
      "Argentina",
      "Liability based on actual knowledge",
      "Did not prosper",
      "https://www.marval.com/publicacion/media-sancion-para-el-proyecto-de-ley-que-regula-la-responsabilidad-de-los-proveedores-de-servicios-de-internet-12908"
    ],
    [
      "2022",
      "Digital Services Act (EU Regulation 2022/2065)",
      "European Union",
      "Liability based on actual knowledge",
      "In force",
      "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj"
    ],
    [
      "2024",
      "Directive (EU) 2024/2853 on liability for defective products",
      "European Union",
      "Strict or joint liability",
      "In force",
      "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/es/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32024L2853"
    ],
    [
      "2025",
      "Bill 2818-D-2025",
      "Argentina",
      "Liability based on actual knowledge",
      "Pending",
      "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cceinformatica/proyecto.html?exp=2818-D-2025"
    ],
    [
      "2026",
      "Bill 7089-D-2025",
      "Argentina",
      "Strict or joint liability",
      "Pending",
      "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cpyhacienda/proyecto.html?exp=7089-D-2025"
    ]
  ]
}