{
  "id": "policy-lines",
  "title": "The four public policy lines",
  "chartNumber": null,
  "report": {
    "title": "Smuggling: The Role of the State and E-commerce Platforms",
    "publisher": "Insight LAC",
    "authors": [
      "Ana Basco",
      "Paula Garnero",
      "Lautaro Ramirez"
    ],
    "url": "https://estudios.insightlac.com"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "organization": "Insight LAC, sección 3.4",
      "publication": "Contrabando: el rol del Estado y de las plataformas de e-commerce",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "provenance": "verified",
  "note": null,
  "url": "https://estudios.insightlac.com/ecommerce/en/#lineas-de-politica",
  "attribution": "Source: Insight LAC, “Smuggling: The Role of the State and E-commerce Platforms”",
  "columns": [
    "Line",
    "Title",
    "What does the State gain?",
    "What is required? / What costs does it entail?",
    "Who carries it out?"
  ],
  "rows": [
    [
      "1",
      "Strengthen customs intelligence by integrating existing information",
      "A consolidated capacity to detect inconsistencies between import, sale and tax returns, with a reduction in estimated evasion in the digital channel. The State maintains, and even strengthens, its control capacity, but with a more efficient, risk-based model. It reduces delays at the border, discourages informality and improves traceability.",
      "Gradual development of State interoperability infrastructure, governance and information security protocols, risk analysis systems and training for the competent officials. The estimate of the resources needed should consider not only development and integration costs, but also those of maintenance, cybersecurity, data protection, auditing and incident response, as well as the differing capacities of the public and private actors involved.",
      "General Customs Directorate and ARCA, with operational coordination with courier operators and the Postal Service, agencies such as ANMAT and ENACOM, and logistics operators as parties."
    ],
    [
      "2",
      "Redefine the incentives that fuel smuggling and grey markets, including tax gaps and disproportionate type-approval or certification barriers, and systematically assess the competitive impact of technical regulations",
      "A structural reduction in the economic appeal of parallel markets, efforts focused on the highest-risk categories, improved competitiveness of the formal channel and higher effective tax collection.",
      "Short-term fiscal costs from reviewing tariffs and tax burdens; but an expected net gain in the medium term from broadening the tax base.",
      "Ministry of Economy in coordination with ARCA, the Secretariat of Industry and Trade and the technical certification agencies (ANMAT, ENACOM, INTI)."
    ],
    [
      "3",
      "Support for the formalization of small sellers",
      "A broader formal tax base, higher Monotributo and social security contributions, and better knowledge of real economic activity.",
      "Development by ARCA of simplified procedures and official assistance materials. Any collaboration by platforms should be voluntary, limited and compatible with their technical and operational capacities.",
      "ARCA, with the possible voluntary participation of e-commerce platforms and coordination by the Ministry of Human Capital regarding entrepreneur support programmes."
    ],
    [
      "4",
      "Building a permanent monitoring system for digital commerce and formalization",
      "A solid empirical basis for designing and evaluating public policies on e-commerce, informality and competition; internationally comparable information.",
      "Strengthening INDEC's capacities and updating existing economic activity surveys.",
      "INDEC, with the possible voluntary participation of ARCA, CACE and other private actors, within the limits set by the applicable regimes."
    ]
  ]
}